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Welcome Abdulrahman Mubarak Almajadiah,

Please take this opportunity to view and correct your proof before publication.

Be aware that it is not allowed to rewrite or introduce new content at this stage and making a significant number of new corrections will have to be reviewed by Elsevier staff.
Click “PROCEED” to continue with the proof. Please turn off pop-up blockers for access to the full proofing interface.

Quick Start

  • Authors' Names

    Check that the authors' last names (highlighted in teal) have been identified correctly. Make corrections as needed using the edit option.

  • Copyeditor Changes

    The grey highlights you see in the proof are copyeditor changes. If inappropriate, you can reject them.

  • Queries

    These are the queries from the production team. Respond to all queries. Corrections cannot be submitted until all queries have been answered.

  • PreviewFinalOutput Created with Sketch.
    Layout

    Figures and tables will be placed at the top and bottom of pages, as close as possible to the initial citation.

  • Editing Created with Sketch.
    Editing

    Make new corrections directly and leave comments where direct editing is not possible. In the Edit Log, you can view your own corrections.

  • Graphics

    Annotate the graphics or upload the revised figure if necessary, and we will edit or replace them as instructed.
    You can also view the high-resolution version of the image. High-resolution version will be used in the final publication.